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There are 56 officially recognized, "national minority" ethnic groups in China and they are all "Chinese"—as in they all live in China. However, when people say the "Chinese," they are often refering to the Han ethnic group, which makes up somewhere near 90% of the population.
Because China is a large country containing many regions, the peoples within its borders have distinct histories, traditions, languages and genes, making China a surprisingly diverse place. Some larger minority groups are the Manchu, Miao, Uighur, Mongolian, Bai, Tibetan, Yi, and Dai, and of course, the list goes on. Yunnan Province is home to over 20 minority groups, making it one of the most diverse places in China.
Foreign ex-pats have a strong presence in parts of China (Shanghai in particular), and throughout the years foreign-occupied concessions throughout the country have left their distinctly non-Chinese cultural footprints. Shanghai‘s French Concession is perhaps the most famous, but Qingdao has a German flavor and Harbin‘s Russian architecture (and food) makes it distinclty different. Immigrants and visitors from neighboring countries—Japanese, Korean, Burmese, Kazakh, Mongolian—have also changed the face of many Chinese cities.
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